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Quiz: Sonographic Approach to Urology: 20-839796
Quiz: Sonographic Approach to Urology: 20-839796
20-839796
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*Technicians please put N/A
Professional Code
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V
VT
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(Use the following profession codes for this board: Veterinarian=V; Veterinarian Technician=VT) SELECT FROM DROPDOWN!
Quiz
How far past the CUJ can the pelvic urethra be imaged?
(Required)
Not feasible
Up to the last 1 cm
2-3 cm
1-2 cm
Resection of bladder pathology must take into consideration
(Required)
Distance between pathology and right ureteral papilla
Distance between pathology and left ureteral papilla
Invasion of pathology into the bladder wall
a & c
What does it mean “keep it off the pipes”?
(Required)
Using light pressure when sonographically evaluating the urethra
Utilizing ballottement to differentiate clots from masses in the bladder
Imaging the ureteral papillae, the CUJ, and the urethra to ensure they are clean
Not using use US-guided FNA or biopsy due to tracking risk
What causes trailing in the bladder?
(Required)
Traumatic catheterization
FNA of carcinoma in the bladder
Chronic interstitial cystitis
Use of an endoscope for biopsy
What does NOT cause hematuria?
(Required)
Dietary changes
Infection/inflammation
Infarctions
Neoplasia
Coagulopathies-Warfarin and similar
If stones are imaged in the bladder of a young animal, what other areas in the body should you get more refined views?
(Required)
The adrenals
The kidneys
liver/portal hilus
a & b
b & c
What is the most common neoplasia of the LOWER urinary tract?
(Required)
Lymphoma
Transitional cell carcinoma
Fibrosarcoma
Hemangiosarcoma
In the case of recurrent UTI, what predisposing issues should be assessed?
(Required)
Concurrent pathology (tumor, stones, immune compromise)
Dilated urethra
Recessed vulva
Perineal dermatitis
All of the above
What is a “Twinkle effect”?
(Required)
When urinary sand creates a hyperechoic area
When a stone causes irritation to the bladder wall and creates a blood clot mimicking a vascular bladder mass
The hypoechoic radiation of the needle during ultrasound guided cystocentesis
Power Doppler can be used in the bladder to assess what?
(Required)
to assess the flow of urine from the ureteral papillae
to assess the vascularity of possible bladder tumors
It can help assess wall thickness abnormalities
In most cases distinguish a mass from a blood clot
all of the above
Which feline statement is false:
(Required)
Interstitial feline cystitis can image as a normal appearing bladder
Hydropulsion is contraindicated if fuzzy fat is attached to the bladder
Cats with bladder TCC are generally under 9 years of age
Stents should be considered an option with urethral TCC
Which traumatic catheterization statement is false:
(Required)
Can be performed if a Teflon urinary catheter can be passed
Guide the catheter with US to the pathology of interest
Drain urine to minimal amount necessary to visualize the lesion well
Perform biopsy or cytology but culture is generally not indicated
Which ectopic ureter statement is false:
(Required)
Clinical signs include incontinence and urine scald vaginitis
Affected animals can be young but are generally over 9 years of age
Intramural ectopic ureters are more difficult surgically
For imaging, ectopic ureters generally run dorsal to the trigone and ventral to the iliacs and are color flow negative
What are the sonographic presentations of congenital renal dysplasia?
(Required)
A flattened “football” shape
Disrupted architecture
Irregular cortex
Aplastic kidney
All of the above
How is a definitive diagnosis of renal dysplasia made?
(Required)
Fine needle aspirate
Urinalysis
Routine blood work
Core biopsy
What breeds are predisposed to polycystic kidney disease?
(Required)
Abyssinian, Bengal cats, and miniature poodles
Miniature schnauzers, Havanese, and Pekingnese
Chihuahuas, Chinese crested, and Russian blue cats
Terriers, Persian, and Himalayan cats
What is the goal of position 14 of the SDEP® protocol?
(Required)
To image a long, horizontal right kidney
To image the right adrenal gland
To image the right kidney, right adrenal, liver, gallbladder, and pylorus
To image the liver and gallbladder
What can cause renal pelvic dilation?
(Required)
Diuresis
Pyelonephritis
Congenital
Ureteral obstruction
All of the above
Which of the following statements is false?
(Required)
Dilated ureters indicate an obstructive pathology
Ill-defined hyperechoic fat generally attaches to the structure with the pathology
Neoplasia is the most common reason for ureteral obstruction
Pressure from BPH can cause hydronephrosis and hydroureter
Which is NOT a factor in choice of treatment for ureteral obstruction?
(Required)
Determination of viability of kidney by power Doppler, CT, IVP
Determination of viability of ureter and cause of obstruction
Determination of functional ureteral papillae
Presence of a medullary rim sign
Which of the following statements is false?
(Required)
Feline interstitial nephrosis is the number one chronic degenerative disease of cats
Renal biopsy samples should be taken from the medulla
Canine interstitial nephritis can present as a normal kidney sonographically
“Christmas tree” kidneys present significant risk of hemorrhage with biopsy
PLN, Lyme, Leptospirosis, and other infectious or immune disease can cause what?
(Required)
Canine interstitial nephritis
Hypotension
Low vascularity of the kidney
Low BUN, low creatine
What is a comet tail infarct?
(Required)
Obstruction of kidney blood flow
When a stone moves while dragging an infarct with it
An infarct causing cortical collapse
A stone in the ureter causing shadowing
Why do some types of renal neoplasia have the appearance of hypoechoic fluid?
(Required)
Lymphoma and other neoplastic cells have a higher water content
Neoplastic cells can cause shadowing mimicking effusion
Inflammation of the capsule can create a hypoechoic outline that has the appearance of fluid
Fluid is actually present
Which of the following statements is false?
(Required)
Advanced pyelonephritis can look sonographically similar to early renal lymphoma
FNA in the most undifferentiated area of the cortex can be diagnostic
The “frown sign” is pathognomonic for pyelonephritis only
Generally use a 25 g needle for a renal FNA
Which of the following statements is false?
(Required)
FIP can be differentiated sonographically from renal lymphoma
LSA will yield a monopopulation of lymphocytes on FNA
Inflammatory pathology will yield a “mixed bag” of cell types on FNA
If an organ capsule goes around a lesion, it belongs to that organ
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