Quiz: Sonographic Approach to Urology: 20-839796

20-839796

Email(Required)

First Name(Required)

Last Name(Required)

What state is your license issued in?(Required)

What is your license number?(Required)

*Technicians please put N/A

Professional Code(Required)

(Use the following profession codes for this board: Veterinarian=V; Veterinarian Technician=VT) SELECT FROM DROPDOWN!

Quiz

How far past the CUJ can the pelvic urethra be imaged?(Required)

Not feasible

Up to the last 1 cm

2-3 cm

1-2 cm

Resection of bladder pathology must take into consideration(Required)

Distance between pathology and right ureteral papilla

Distance between pathology and left ureteral papilla

Invasion of pathology into the bladder wall

a & c

What does it mean “keep it off the pipes”?(Required)

Using light pressure when sonographically evaluating the urethra

Utilizing ballottement to differentiate clots from masses in the bladder

Imaging the ureteral papillae, the CUJ, and the urethra to ensure they are clean

Not using use US-guided FNA or biopsy due to tracking risk

What causes trailing in the bladder?(Required)

Traumatic catheterization

FNA of carcinoma in the bladder

Chronic interstitial cystitis

Use of an endoscope for biopsy

What does NOT cause hematuria?(Required)

Dietary changes

Infection/inflammation

Infarctions

Neoplasia

Coagulopathies-Warfarin and similar

If stones are imaged in the bladder of a young animal, what other areas in the body should you get more refined views?(Required)

The adrenals

The kidneys

liver/portal hilus

a & b

b & c

What is the most common neoplasia of the LOWER urinary tract?(Required)

Lymphoma

Transitional cell carcinoma

Fibrosarcoma

Hemangiosarcoma

In the case of recurrent UTI, what predisposing issues should be assessed?(Required)

Concurrent pathology (tumor, stones, immune compromise)

Dilated urethra

Recessed vulva

Perineal dermatitis

All of the above

What is a “Twinkle effect”?(Required)

When urinary sand creates a hyperechoic area

When a stone causes irritation to the bladder wall and creates a blood clot mimicking a vascular bladder mass

The hypoechoic radiation of the needle during ultrasound guided cystocentesis

Power Doppler can be used in the bladder to assess what?(Required)

to assess the flow of urine from the ureteral papillae

to assess the vascularity of possible bladder tumors

It can help assess wall thickness abnormalities

In most cases distinguish a mass from a blood clot

all of the above

Which feline statement is false:(Required)

Interstitial feline cystitis can image as a normal appearing bladder

Hydropulsion is contraindicated if fuzzy fat is attached to the bladder

Cats with bladder TCC are generally under 9 years of age

Stents should be considered an option with urethral TCC

Which traumatic catheterization statement is false:(Required)

Can be performed if a Teflon urinary catheter can be passed

Guide the catheter with US to the pathology of interest

Drain urine to minimal amount necessary to visualize the lesion well

Perform biopsy or cytology but culture is generally not indicated

Which ectopic ureter statement is false:(Required)

Clinical signs include incontinence and urine scald vaginitis

Affected animals can be young but are generally over 9 years of age

Intramural ectopic ureters are more difficult surgically

For imaging, ectopic ureters generally run dorsal to the trigone and ventral to the iliacs and are color flow negative

What are the sonographic presentations of congenital renal dysplasia?(Required)

A flattened “football” shape

Disrupted architecture

Irregular cortex

Aplastic kidney

All of the above

How is a definitive diagnosis of renal dysplasia made?(Required)

Fine needle aspirate

Urinalysis

Routine blood work

Core biopsy

What breeds are predisposed to polycystic kidney disease?(Required)

Abyssinian, Bengal cats, and miniature poodles

Miniature schnauzers, Havanese, and Pekingnese

Chihuahuas, Chinese crested, and Russian blue cats

Terriers, Persian, and Himalayan cats

What is the goal of position 14 of the SDEP® protocol?(Required)

To image a long, horizontal right kidney

To image the right adrenal gland

To image the right kidney, right adrenal, liver, gallbladder, and pylorus

To image the liver and gallbladder

What can cause renal pelvic dilation?(Required)

Diuresis

Pyelonephritis

Congenital

Ureteral obstruction

All of the above

Which of the following statements is false?(Required)

Dilated ureters indicate an obstructive pathology

Ill-defined hyperechoic fat generally attaches to the structure with the pathology

Neoplasia is the most common reason for ureteral obstruction

Pressure from BPH can cause hydronephrosis and hydroureter

Which is NOT a factor in choice of treatment for ureteral obstruction?(Required)

Determination of viability of kidney by power Doppler, CT, IVP

Determination of viability of ureter and cause of obstruction

Determination of functional ureteral papillae

Presence of a medullary rim sign

Which of the following statements is false?(Required)

Feline interstitial nephrosis is the number one chronic degenerative disease of cats

Renal biopsy samples should be taken from the medulla

Canine interstitial nephritis can present as a normal kidney sonographically

“Christmas tree” kidneys present significant risk of hemorrhage with biopsy

PLN, Lyme, Leptospirosis, and other infectious or immune disease can cause what?(Required)

Canine interstitial nephritis

Hypotension

Low vascularity of the kidney

Low BUN, low creatine

What is a comet tail infarct?(Required)

Obstruction of kidney blood flow

When a stone moves while dragging an infarct with it

An infarct causing cortical collapse

A stone in the ureter causing shadowing

Why do some types of renal neoplasia have the appearance of hypoechoic fluid?(Required)

Lymphoma and other neoplastic cells have a higher water content

Neoplastic cells can cause shadowing mimicking effusion

Inflammation of the capsule can create a hypoechoic outline that has the appearance of fluid

Fluid is actually present

Which of the following statements is false?(Required)

Advanced pyelonephritis can look sonographically similar to early renal lymphoma

FNA in the most undifferentiated area of the cortex can be diagnostic

The “frown sign” is pathognomonic for pyelonephritis only

Generally use a 25 g needle for a renal FNA

Which of the following statements is false?(Required)

FIP can be differentiated sonographically from renal lymphoma

LSA will yield a monopopulation of lymphocytes on FNA

Inflammatory pathology will yield a “mixed bag” of cell types on FNA

If an organ capsule goes around a lesion, it belongs to that organ